Question  |
Answer |
-s is [s] after voiceless sounds. start learning
|
|
shops. writes. Mick's. cliffs.
|
|
|
-s is [z] after voiced sounds. start learning
|
|
|
|
|
-s/-es is [iz] after the sounds [s], [z], [∫], [Ʒ], [ʧ] and [ʤ]. start learning
|
|
prices. loses. watches. Mr Blish's.
|
|
|
After the sounds [s], [z], [∫], [Ʒ], [ʧ] and [ʤ] the end is -es. start learning
|
|
dish → dishes. box → boxes. watch→ watches.
|
|
|
if the word ends in e, the ending is -s. start learning
|
|
price → prices. lose → loses. realize → realizes.
|
|
|
We leave out e before an ending with a vowel, e.g. -ing, -ed, -er, -est. start learning
|
|
write → writing. like→ liked. nice → nicer. fine → finest.
|
|
|
If the e is part of a vowel sound (e.g. agree), we do not leave it out before -ing. start learning
|
|
|
|
|
We do not leave out e before an ending with a consonant, e.g. -s, -ly. start learning
|
|
make → makes. nice → nicely.
|
|
|
But we leave out e from true and whole before -ly. start learning
|
|
true → truly. whole → wholly.
|
|
|
When an adjective ending in - le becomes an adverb, e changes to y. start learning
|
|
possible → possibly. probable → probably.
|
|
|
-ed is [t] after voiceless sounds. start learning
|
|
stopped. looked. passed. laughed.
|
|
|
-ed is [d] after voiced sounds. start learning
|
|
showed. played. cleaned. used.
|
|
|
-ed is [id] after [t] and [d]. start learning
|
|
|
|
|
In short words with one written vowel (a, e, i, o, u) + one written consonant (n, p, g, t, etc.), we double the consonant (nn, pp, gg, tt) before an ending with a vowel, e.g. -ing, -ed, -er, or -est. start learning
|
|
plan → planning. stop → stopped. big → bigger. fat → fattest.
|
|
|
We do not double the consonant if it is y or w (e.g. play, show) start learning
|
|
play → playing. show → showed. clean→ cleaner. short → shortest.
|
|
|
In longer words we double the consonant if the last part of the word is stressed (e.g. begin). start learning
|
|
|
|
|
We do not double the consonant if the last part of the word is unstressed (e.g. visit). start learning
|
|
|
|
|
But we double l in British English (e.g. GB travelled, USA traveled. start learning
|
|
|
|
|
In words ending in a consonant (d, l, r, n, p etc.) + y, the y changes to ie before -s and to i before -ed, -er, -est and -ly. start learning
|
|
lady → ladies. fly → flies. carry → carried. funny → funnier. silly → silliest. happy → happily.
|
|
|
In the possessive form we use an apostrophe + s with a singular noun and an apostrophe with a plural noun. start learning
|
|
the secretary's desk. the secretaries' desks.
|
|
|
y does not change after a vowel. start learning
|
|
|
|
|
y does not change before -ing. start learning
|
|
|
|
|
ie changes to y before -ing. start learning
|
|
|
|
|
