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Question		Answer
Conflict start learning		A serious disagreement or argument, typically a protracted one.
Peace start learning		A state of tranquility or quiet, especially in the absence of war or violence.
Negative Peace start learning		Absence of direct violence or war, but not necessarily the absence of structural violence.
Positive Peace start learning		The presence of justice, equality, and harmonious social relationships.
Structural Violence start learning		Systematic ways in which social structures harm or disadvantage individuals.
Direct Violence start learning		Physical violence such as war, assault, or murder.
Cultural Violence start learning		Aspects of culture that can be used to justify or legitimize direct or structural violence.
Conflict Resolution start learning		Processes aimed at resolving a conflict through peaceful means.
Conflict Transformation start learning		A long-term process of addressing the underlying causes of conflict and changing relationships and structures.
Mediation start learning		A form of conflict resolution involving a neutral third party who helps the disputants reach a voluntary agreement.
Negotiation start learning		A dialogue between two or more parties intended to reach a beneficial outcome.
Peacebuilding start learning		Efforts to establish lasting peace by addressing root causes and effects of conflict.
Peacemaking start learning		Diplomatic efforts to end conflict and reach an agreement.
Peacekeeping start learning		The deployment of international personnel to maintain peace and security.
Nonviolence start learning		The use of peaceful means, not force, to bring about political or social change.
Reconciliation start learning		The process of restoring fractured relationships after conflict or injustice.
Genocide start learning		The intentional destruction of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.
Human Rights start learning		Basic rights and freedoms to which all people are entitled.
Justice start learning		The fair treatment of individuals in accordance with law and equity.
Refugee start learning		A person who has been forced to flee their country because of persecution, war, or violence.
Internally Displaced Person (IDP) start learning		Someone who has been forced to flee their home but remains within their country.
Sanctions start learning		Penalties imposed on a country to influence its behavior.
Civil War start learning		A war between groups within the same country.
Terrorism start learning		The use of violence or threats to achieve political goals.
Post-conflict reconstruction start learning		Rebuilding a country after war or conflict, including infrastructure, institutions, and relationships.
Truth Commission start learning		A temporary body set up to investigate past human rights abuses.
Hybrid Court start learning		A judicial body with both national and international judges and laws.
International Humanitarian Law start learning		Rules that seek to limit the effects of armed conflict on people and property.
Arbitration start learning		Binding conflict resolution by a neutral third party.
Track I Diplomacy start learning		Official government-level negotiations.
Track II Diplomacy start learning		Informal and unofficial dialogue between non-state actors.
Conflict Prevention start learning		Measures to stop conflicts from escalating.
Disarmament start learning		The reduction or withdrawal of military forces and weapons.
Demobilization start learning		The process of disbanding armed groups and reintegrating combatants.
Reintegration start learning		Helping former combatants return to civilian life.
Do No Harm start learning		An approach in peacebuilding that seeks to avoid unintended negative effects.
Early Warning System start learning		Tools and processes for predicting and preventing conflict escalation.
Gender-based Violence (GBV) start learning		Harmful acts directed at individuals based on their gender.
Civil Resistance start learning		Nonviolent action taken by civilians to challenge injustice.
Social Cohesion start learning		The strength of relationships and the sense of solidarity among members of a community.

Peace and conflict

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