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Question		Answer
Dynamic equilibrium start learning		The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal
Kinetic energy start learning		The energy associated with moving particles
Concentration start learning		The amount of solute dissolved in a solution
Le Chatelier's Principle start learning		States that a disturbance to the equilibrium will result in the system adjusting to compensate for the change, and equilibrium is re-established. Some changes include temperature, concentration or pressure.
Catalyst start learning		A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without itself being consumed in the reaction (also lowers activation energy, thus the reaction reaches equilibrium quicker)
Equilibrium constant (Kc) start learning		Only temperature can affect the value of Kc*
Self-ionisation of water start learning		The reaction in which a water molecule loses a hydrogen ion to become a hydroxide ion (OH-) and the hydrogen ion immediately reacts with another water molecule to form a hydronium ion (H3O+)
Esterification start learning		A condensation reaction between a carboxylic acid and alcohol that generates an ester
Proton donor start learning		A substance that can donate H+
Monoprotic start learning		An acid that can donate only one hydrogen ion per molecule
Polyprotic start learning		An acid that can donate more than one hydrogen ion per molecule
Strong base start learning		A base that completely ionises in water
Weak base start learning		A base that doesn't completely ionise in water
Alkaline start learning		Basic solution
Hydroxyl start learning		A functional group consisting of an -OH group, which is an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom joined by a single bond
Carboxylic acid start learning		A class of organic compound that contains a carboxyl functional group
Electrical conductivity start learning		The degree to which a material conducts an electric current
Strength start learning		The level of dissociation of an acid or a base
Strong acid start learning		An acid that completely ionises in water
Weak acid start learning		An acid that does not completely ionise in water
Ionic product constant of water (Kw) start learning		The equilibrium constant for the self-ionisation of water
pH start learning		A measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and therefore a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
Limiting reagent start learning		The reactant in a chemical reaction that determines how much product is made
Conjugate base start learning		A base formed by removing an H+ from an acid
Conjugate acid start learning		An acid formed when a base accepts an H+
Amphiprotic start learning		A molecule or an ion that can either donate or accept a proton and therefore can act as an acid or a base
Buffer solution start learning		A solution that resists changes in pH when small quantities of acids or alkalis are added
Titration start learning		The addition of a solution of known concentration to a known volume of another solution of unknown concentration until the reaction reaches neutralisation
Titration curve start learning		A graph of pH against volume of reactant added
Acid dissociation constant (Ka) start learning		The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of an acid in aqueous solution
Base dissociation constant (Kb) start learning		The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of a base in aqueous solution
Indicator start learning		A chemical substance that changes colour at different pH values
pKa start learning		A measure of acid strength; the negative common logarithm (to base 10) of an acid dissociation constant
End point start learning		The point in a titration when the indicator changes colour
Equivalence point start learning		The point in a titration when the reactants have reacted in the molar ratio of the balanced chemical equation
Standard solution start learning		A solution of accurately known concentartion
Volumetric analysis start learning		A quantitative analytical technique for determining the concentration of a solution by titrating it against another solution of known concentration
Half-equivalence point start learning		A point in a titration curve where the concentration of the titre is equal to half the original concentration of the analyte; also called the midpoint
Buffer region start learning		The section of a titration curve is relatively flat because adding more acid or base does not drastically affect the pH
Analyte start learning		A solution of unknown concentration
Oxidation Reaction start learning		An organic reaction involving the gain of oxygen atoms and/or the loss of hydrogen atoms.
Redox start learning		A chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons from one reactant to another
Oxidise start learning		To lose electrons
Reducing Agent start learning		A reactant that causes another reactant to gain electrons and be reduced and is itself oxidised.
Oxidising Agent start learning		A reactant that causes another reactant to lose electrons and be oxidised and is itself reduced
Redox Reaction start learning		A reaction involving oxidation of one reactant and reduction of the other reactant
Cathode start learning		The electrode where reduction occurs
Polarity start learning		The change of an electrode, either positive or negative
Electrode start learning		A solid conductor of electricity either into or out of a half-cell
External circuit start learning		The electric circuit (wires) that allows electron movement from anode to cathode.
Salt bridge start learning		An electrical connection between the two half-cells in a galvanic cell; it allows for the flow of charge by moving ions to the cathode and anions to the anode
Half-cell start learning		Half of an electrochemical cell, where either oxidation or reduction occurs
Internal Circuit start learning		The part of an electrochemical cell that allows for ion flow, e.g. the salt bridge
Cell Diagram start learning		A diagram of a galvanic cell that has all the key components, reaction mechanisms and electron/ion movement labelled
Fuel Cell start learning		A galvanic cell that produces electricity by using a constant supply of reactants (often hydrogen and oxygen) and inert electrodes that don't break down
Inert Electrode start learning		An electrode that conducts electricity in the half-cell, but doesn't participate in the reaction, i.e. it's neither a reactant nor product
Alkaline Fuel Cell start learning		A fuel cell that consumes hydrogen and oxygen, producing water, heat and electricity
Standard Electrode Potential start learning		The electrical potential that an electrode generates under standard conditions
Standard Conditions start learning		The conditions under which all E^0 values are measured: 25 °C, 1 atm and 1M electrolyte.
Cell Potential Difference start learning		The electrical potential difference (V) between two electrodes; the voltage that the galvanic cell can generate under standard conditions.
Electromotive Force (EMF) start learning		The difference in potential across a cell that generates electricity.
Molten start learning		A substance that has been melted to form a liquid
Electrolyte start learning		A substance that conducts electricity when melted or dissolved in a solution.

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