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The person(s) reading a text, listening to a speech, or observing a performance. start learning
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The reason for which something exists or is written. start learning
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An article in a newspaper or other periodical presenting the opinion of the author. - artykuł wstępny, wstępniak start learning
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Writing that reflects superficial thought and research, a popular plant, a hurried composition, conceived of exemplifying topical newspaper or popular magazine writing as distinguished from scholarly writing. start learning
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Information, Ideas, or Rumors that are spread to help or harm a person start learning
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A contrasting position/reason in an argument/debate start learning
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The aims and principles of a political party. start learning
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A tendency to believe that some people, ideas, etc... Are better than others. - tendencyjność, stronniczość, uprzedzenia start learning
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To contradict or oppose one side of an argument using logic and evidence? - obalenie (teorii), udowodnienie fałszywości (np. twierdzenia) start learning
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The science that studies the formal processes used in thinking and reasoning. start learning
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A discussion between 2 sides, using support and evidence. start learning
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The act or process of forming opinions that are based on little information. Examples: start learning
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The act or process of using logic or reason to form a conclusion. start learning
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Reasons or evidence used to prove the claim. start learning
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A statement or idea that is accepted as being true and is the base of an argument. - przesłanka, założenie start learning
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The art or skill of speaking or writing formally and effectively especially as a way to persuade or influence people. - etoryka, sztuka wymowy start learning
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A claim supported by reasons and evidence. start learning
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Something that shows wether something else exists or is true. start learning
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An often plausible argument using false or invalid information - błędne przekonanie, błędne rozumowanie start learning
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Act of causing people to do or believe in something. start learning
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An opinion, attitude or judgement. start learning
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start learning
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A discussion took place about the colour of the receptionist's shoes - much ado about nothing!
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dyskutować o czymś, czego nie można zmienić start learning
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The final choice was made yesterday, so don't argue the toss now!
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start learning
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All hell broke loose when it was announced that the plant was going to close down.
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zejść z kogoś, dać mu spokój start learning
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Liz, please, get off my back! You've been making comments about my work all morning!
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określić sporne kwestie w konflikcie This expression is used to say that opposing groups are ready to defend the reason behind the conflict. start learning
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The battle lines have been drawn between those who accept the changes and those who are against the proposed reforms.
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A conflict, argument or struggle where both sides are determined to win is described as a battle of wills. start learning
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When they separated, neither party would make concessions - it was a battle of wills.
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spotkanie mające na celu znalezienie winnych porażki (np. nieudanej kampanii, przegranego przetargu) start learning
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A blamestorming session took place following the unfavourable reviews in the press.
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start learning
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The salaries have been agreed on, but opening on Sundays is still a bone of contention.
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mieć z kimś do pomówienia start learning
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have a bone to pick with somebody Mark wants to see the boss. He says he's got a bone to pick with him.
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cieszyć się czyjąś dobrą/złą opinią start learning
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be in somebody's good/bad books I'm in my wife's bad books at the moment because I forgot our wedding anniversary.
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start learning
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I didn't agree with my colleague's decision, but for the sake of peace, I decided to bury the hatchet.
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zmusić kogoś do odkrycia kart If you call someone's bluff, you challenge them to do what they threaten to do (while believing that they will not dare to do it). start learning
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After the neighbour's threats to demolish the fence, when Jack decided to call his bluff, there were no more complaints.
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walczyć ze sobą jak pies z kotem start learning
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They fight like cat and dog but they're still together after 30 years.
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nieustannie się kłócić (o rodzice) A life in which partners are constantly or frequently quarrelling is called a cat-and-dog life. start learning
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They lead a cat-and-dog life. I don't know why they stay together.
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znaleźć się na linii ognia, zostać złapanym w krzyżowy ogień If you are caught in the crossfire, you suffer the effects of an argument or dispute between two people or groups. start learning
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be caught in the crossfire When the two taxi drivers started to argue, their passengers were caught in the crossfire.
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oczyścić atmosferę, wyjaśnić sytuację If you decide to clear the air, you try to remove the causes of fear, worry or suspicion by talking about the problem openly. start learning
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The atmosphere had become so unpleasant that he decided it was time to clear the air.
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być zdecydowanie przeciwnym czemuś Be strongly opposed to something. start learning
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be dead set against something My father wanted a dog, but my mother was dead set against the idea.
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start learning
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She decided to play devil's advocate just to see how strongly people felt about the project.
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start learning
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capital punishment/death penalty
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start learning
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start learning
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sentence somebody to something
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grupa skazańców skuta łańcuchem (np. gdy pracują na zewnątrz więzienia) start learning
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