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Question		Answer
Edward Taylor start learning		Impacted by Metaphysical Poets; used conceits; explored the concept of God's Grace
Anne Bradstreet start learning		America's first published poet; wrote about religious issues and domestic life
William Bradford start learning		One of the Pilgrim Fathers; wrote in 3rd person objective account; his main ideas were: God's Providence, Puritans and the Chosen People, America as a Promised Land and American dream
John Winthrop start learning		He delivered a sermon on the deck of the Mayflower - "A Modell of Christian Charity"; hisi style: biblical quotations and allusions, repetition, plain style; Themes: the idea of Christian Charity, a covenant with the Lord and Puritans as Chosen People
Samuel Sewall start learning		the Greatest Puritan diarist; the participant of Salem Witch Trials; he wrote records of gradual secularization of New England
Cotton Mather start learning		He wrote a complete historical account of America - "Magnalia Christi Americana"
Mary Rowlandson start learning		Captured by Nativa Americans during King Philip's War in 1676; she wrote "The Narrative of Captivity and Restoration" - a prototype for captivity narratives; it was a bestseller and a document of colonial America; it gave insight into Puritan mind
Jonathan Edwards start learning		wanted to revive Puritan soul in people through his sermons; The Great Awakening (1730s); "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" - a powerful sermon; Fire and brimstone rethoric
Thomas Paine start learning		Known as a Father of the American Revolution; he wrote a pamphlet "Common Sense"
Thomas Jefferson start learning		A Founding Father, President; he wrote "The Declaration of Independence"; he had direct and clear style; rational and logical
Benjamin Franklin start learning		an inventor, publisher and politician; he believed that writing should be smooth, clear and short; began publishing "Poor Richard's Almanac"; the grandfather of American aphorism
Ralph Waldo Emerson start learning		essayist and lecturer; initially a minister; he founded the Transcendental Club; his essays were the beginning of American cultural independence; he is believed to start Transcendentalism
Margaret Fuller start learning		American writer, journalist and philosopher; the firts American Feminist; talked about the situation of women and integrity
Henry David Thoreau start learning		American Transcendental writer; Emerson's friend; a naturalist and an early conservationist; a political radical and critic of society; interested in the protection of the natural environment
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow start learning		great popularity; the Fireside Poet; he wrote short lyric poems and long narrative poems; occupied with didacticism; American themes; gathered Indian folklore
Walt Whitman start learning		a common man; a follower of Transcendentalism; revolutionary poet (no rhymes, without any standards and conventions); introduced catalog in literature; an inventor of free verse; themes: America, democracy, individualism, humanity, eroticism
Emily Dickinson start learning		an eccenrtic recluse; idiosyncratic poetry; unpublished in the lifetime; condensed form, random capitalization, unconventional punctuation, strange syntax, ellipsis, slant rhymes, no titles, combination of technical vocabulary with spiritual issues
Charles Brockden Brown start learning		the father of the American novel; Gothic novels/American Gothic
Washington Irving start learning		1st American proffesional writer; Father of the American short story; local color literature pioneer; adapted German folk tales
James Fenimore Cooper start learning		Master of historical fiction; inspired by captivity narratives; proved that American setting and history provide great material for prose
Nathaniel Hawthorne start learning		Puritan background; wrote romances; focused on inner life of his characters; highly symbolic texts; themes: moral allegories, the dark side of human nature, the sinful man, hypocrisy, sin and guilt, internal conflicts, religion, puritan past
Herman Melville start learning		experience-based marine fiction; bestnovels unappreciated in his lifetime; tendency towards philosophical considerations
Mark Twain start learning		Samuel Clemens; accused of being racist; shared many of experiences of poor slave's treatment; writing style: humor, satire, social criticism, linguistic realism
Kate Chopin start learning		another regionalist; setting: Creole Louisiana; first-wave feminism
Henry James start learning		a realist; encouraged others to write in a realistic way; an expatriate; literature of manners and international theme; psychological realism; "The Art of Fiction"; fascinated with differences between Europeans and Americans
Charles Darwin start learning		in "On the Origin of Species" talked about natural selection and the survival fo the fittest in the natural environment; impact on how society was perceived and how it was described in literature
Stephen Crane start learning		his characters were determined by fate and circumstances
Theodore Dreiser start learning		on the dark side of the American Dream
Jack London start learning		an adventurer and a traveller; a sailor; observer of a nature; wrote experience-based works; Alaska - common setting of his works; impacted by Darwin's theories; environment + heredity; socialism; commercial succcess; extremely prolific
Edgar Allan Poe start learning		associated with Dark Romanticism; Gothic fiction; inventor of detective story; poetry: atttention paid to the form, melodic, mysterious, and dreamlike atmosphere; supernatural stories/ tales of horror; detective stories/tales of ratiocination (INVENTOR);
Edgar Lee Masters start learning		"Spoon River Anthology"/ the "Chicago School" of poetry/Chicago Renaissance
Carl Sandburg start learning		The "Chicago School" of poetry/Chicago Renaissance; impacted by Whitman in both form and content
Robinson Jeffers start learning		Californian regional poet; environmental concers; inhumanism vs anthropocentrism
Ezra Pound start learning		key modernist; an expatriate; translations of poetry; CREATOR OF IMAGISM; condensation/compression; rejection of poetic style; direct, precise language; originatily: "Make it New!"; the reader is involved; freedom of interpretation
William Carlos Williams start learning		represented the American variety of Modernism; rejected expatriation and international poetry; localist poetry; rejected the classicism and academicism of Pound and Eliot; impact of imagism; in favour of depicting real objects
e. e. cummings start learning		used unconventional form; he used lowe case letters, experimentation with punctuation and syntax; concrete poetry; captured the mood of the era
Langston Hughes start learning		representative of Harlem Renaissance; a novelist, songwriter, biographer, editor, newspaper columnist, translator and lecturer; modern urban black experience; poetry of social protest
Robert Frost start learning		a transitional poet; a regional/rular poet (New England); deceptively simple poems with deeper meaning; dramatic narrative poems; recited his poetry at Kennedy's inauguration
Sinclair Lewis start learning		Nobel Prize, 1930; satirical novels; small-town America; local colour
Sherwood Anderson start learning		a link between naturalism and modernism; great impact on modernist writers; everyday lanugage. simple style; emphasis on psychological insights; narrative experimentation (fragmentation, mutltiple narration, non-linear)
Ernest Hemingway start learning		Nobel in 1954; a novelist, short story writer; a war reporter-WW I; the Lost Generation;"grace under pressure"; "iceberg technique"; simple language; masculinity; man vs. nature; reading between the lines
William Faulkner start learning		south. persp.+modernist style; historical, social changes in the South; experimental; psych. analysis; Old SouthvsNew South, slavery, racism, no values; stream of conscious., fragmentation, multiple narrators, flashbacks/foreshadowing, Nobel Prize in 1949
Francis Scott Fitzgerald start learning		a novelist and short story writer; screenwriter in Hollywood; the Lost Generation; "the chronicler of the Jazz Age"; the extravagance of the upper classes; the dissolution of the American Dream; the figure of a flapper; borrowed his wife's notes
John Dos Passos start learning		Lost Generation; experimental fiction (mixing facts and fiction, "newsreel" passages, collage, "camera eye" technique; collective focus of his novels; impact of cubism, impressionism, Jazz and film
John Steinbeck start learning		Social protest novels; themes: Great Depression, the lives of migrant workers, unavailability of American Dream; no experimentation, realism; elements of naturalism (California - local color fiction); Nobel Prize in 1962
Richard Wright start learning		Black Protest novel; themes: racial oppression, search of personal identity; wrote about systemic racism;
Eugene O'Neil start learning		experimentation; psychological realism; expressionism; used Freud's philosophy; the first American playwright who won the Nobel Prize in 1936
Arthur Miller start learning		explored issues of morality and individual responsibility; used family portraits; social realism - on the importance of success in American society; briefly married to Marilyn Monroe
Tennessee Williams start learning		a Southern playwright; psychological realism; social realism; symbolism; naturalism; introduced the theme of homosexuality
Allen Ginsberg start learning		the Beat Generation; influenced by Walt Whitman; style: spontaneous, taboo-breaking, emotional, long-lined poetry, free verse, oral and repetitive
Robert Lowell start learning		started as one of the traditional poets; later turned to more emotional poetry; started a new type of poetry: confessional poetry
Sylvia Plath start learning		the most famous representative of confessional poetry; suffered from mental problems; poetry was a reflection of her life; female perspective; a feminist voice; also wrote about sexism of American society; husband: Ted Hughes - a British poet
Isaac Bashevis Singer start learning		a Polish-American writer; wrote in Yiddish; Nober Prize in 1972
Saul Bellow start learning		Jewish-American characters, but his works were representative of the whole America; Nobel Prize in 1976
John Barth start learning		precursor of postmodernism; "Literature of Exhaustion" - writer needs to "recycle" the previous works
Joseph Heller start learning		known for writing novels with a satirical perspectibe of WW II; Catch-22 - term that has become a symbol of a difficult circumstance with no escape
Thomas Pynchon start learning		writes about modern history, but combines it with fiction; main motif: global conspiracies and state of paranoia; encyclopedic novels
Don DeLillo start learning		an influential American novelist, playwright and essayist; exploration of contemporary American culture; satirical take on consumer culture, technology and media saturation
Kurt Vonnegut start learning		known for blending satife, black humour and science fiction; mocking tone, irony; grotesque ans surreal characters; style: minimalism + irony; Pacifism
J. D. Salinger start learning		best known for the novel "The Catcher in the Rye" - exploring adolescent alienation
Vladimir Nabokov start learning		a Russian-American novelist, poet and entomologist; intricate structure, playful use of language and complex characters
Toni Morrison start learning		an American novelist, editor and professor; issues of race, identity, beauty, slavery, motherhood, trauma, gender; Nobel Prize in 1993, first African-American woman who received the Nobel Prize
Alice Walker start learning		a prominent American author, poet and activist; exploration of African-American culture, feminiest themes, racism and sexism; social commentary, civil rights, women's rights and environmental sustainability
Jack Kerouac start learning		the Beat Generation; "On the Road" - a defining work for the Beat Generation; freedom, spirituality, search for authenticity, increasingly conformist society; inprovisational rythm, vivid descriptions

Amerykańscy autorzy - wykłady

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